Bamboo in Maharashtra is a value chain rather than a single crop. It runs from natural forest managed by community forest resource committees, through plantations and nurseries, to processing and industry, and the people who depend on it include tribal communities, farmer producer organisations and enterprises. The state’s climate ranges from the wet Konkan coast to a dry rain shadow plateau, so a hazard that matters in one district can be irrelevant in another.

The climate analysis works in four zones derived from long term climate normals, each a group of whole districts, so that results are reported at a scale where the climate actually differs. Historic climate comes from ERA5-Land reanalysis checked against India Meteorological Department gridded rainfall, and future climate from downscaled NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 projections for two future periods under two shared socioeconomic pathways, including the climatic water balance and species suitability. Eight climate hazards are mapped and rated per candidate district, and combined with a vulnerability level for each of six receptor groups to give a risk rating.

Adaptation measures are then proposed for each project output and tied to a rated risk, with recommendations for the design and monitoring framework. The mitigation side sets the long term average carbon stock of a regularly harvested bamboo clump against emissions from planting, transport, processing and charcoal production, and reviews the routes through which carbon credits could be claimed, including the additionality, monitoring and permanence conditions that apply.